21 per hour; Harry will be making $14. The CCS-P. Usually between 50 – 60 credits or 15 – 20 classes. AAPC fees also vary by examination. AHIMA offers computer based certification exams for the RHIA, RHIT,. True B. The cost for each 30-day increment is $50. We’ve identified 14 states where the typical salary for a Ccs Medical Coding job is above the national average. m. m. The CPC credential centers on "professional. False, Updates to the procedural classification of ICD-10-CM are. 1. As a CRC, you help ensure that health plans and providers receive necessary funding to cover healthcare for. 0. The entire test is administered via computer, and the total number of questions ranges from 115 to 140. 3. Certification Details. 1. ; Exam overview: The four-hour exam uses multiple choice questions and medical scenarios to primarily assess coding. I felt it was a harder exam than the RHIT because I hadn’t looked at outpatient coding for 2 years because I was inpatient coding. Answer: B. The Certified Professional Coder (CPC) credential is the most recognized medical coding certification in the healthcare industry. The total number of questions on the exam is 150. They have been hired at the entry level Coder 1 position which requires an associate degree, which they both recently earned. This certification might not hold much weight in. Before submitting an application, carefully review the information contained in the Candidate Guide. Proficiency across various specialties in CPT coding (Evaluation & Management, Anesthesia, Surgery. Certified Billing and Coding Specialist (CBCS) A Certified Billing and Coding Specialist (CBCS) primarily focuses on converting a medical procedure, diagnosis, or symptom into specific codes to submit a claim for reimbursement. Candidates have 3. CPC - 11. -11 p. Healthcare Career Terms Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. CHICAGO – July 20, 2023 – The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) is proud to announce the launch of six innovative microcredentials specifically designed for health information (HI) professionals. Open codebook (manuals)Step 2: Earn a CAHIIM-accredited associate or bachelor’s degree in health information management or related discipline (two to four years). Other requirements include completion of anatomy, medical terminology, and coding courses. This certification is one of the highest-paying, making it ideal for individuals who want to be an outpatient coder. Required Qualifications. To help guide you, we have created the Career Prep Workbook. Apply to Take an Exam. Cpc is the most common skill found on resume samples for medical coders. The American Health Information Management System (AHIMA) has identified courses that are especially valuable for success as a coder. Follow renewal requirements. However, neither of them have previous HIM or coding experience. AHIMA. The CPC certification exam tests the competencies required to perform the job of a professional coder who specializes in coding for services performed by physicians and non-physician providers (eg, nurse practitioners and physician assistants). The rate of pay for Gertrude is $14. It covers all the competencies areas. Calculation of CEUs is based upon clock hours. Graduate as a Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA), Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT), Certified Professional Coder (CPC), or a Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) from an approved program by the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA)or the. Clinical Coding Workout, with Answers 2012: Practice Exercises for Skill Development 2012-01-01 Ahima AHIMA's best-selling Clinical Coding Workout is the workbook for coding students to practice coding with case excerpts from real medical records and questions, and for professionals to refresh their skills with annual code updates. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The CCS credential is granted to coders by _____. APPC Core Medical Coding Credentials. Coding specialists create coded data used by hospitals and medical providers to obtain. -11 p. Compare the Scope of CPC vs. It is normal to have certification in the market where you expect to work. 0. 3. Skip to main content. However, neither of them have previous HIM or coding experience. Perhaps after a few years the CIC will be its equal. Pursuing these certifications can give job-seekers an advantage. Kansas WORKReady! Certificate Silver Level (4), although a Gold Level (5) is. In some ways, the CCS (Certified Coding Specialist) and CPC (Certified Professional Coder) certifications are very similar. Both exams are appropriately challenging; the CCS does entail more ICD-9 principles and guidelines whereas the CPC is heavily based and focused on CPT coding. Also, AHIMA approved college degree programs (RHIA and RHIT) are widely recommended if you are going to be working in an HIM department at a hospital. medical billing representative. CCS/CCS-P Credential Maintenance Frequently Asked Questions. American Coders/Coding Specialists . 71. Once granted, the baccalaureate-based credential is recognized and CEUs for this credential need only be maintained. -11 p. TrueToday's demand for certified professional coders (CPCs) is growing as many jobs in the coding and billing field now require certification. A . The American Health Information Management Association or AHIMA is responsible for providing CCS credentials for coders in hospital settings. CEUs & Training. View full document. Each exam includes scored questions and pre-test questions randomly distributed throughout the exam. This course utilizes your existing knowledge of medical terminology and healthcare sciences. There is a very small. It is awarded by American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Aspiring RN coders can sit for the CPC exam after paying the required fee and becoming an AAPC member. Answer: A. In this Inpatient Facility/HIMS Certified Medical CODER QUALITY ASSOCIATE -Remote position, you bring your 3-5+ years of acute care inpatient coding background, required CCS or CPC or CCS-P, and. CCS-P Certified Coding Specialist-Physician-based AHIMA Professional (physician and non-physician practitioner) coding 88 multiple choiceThe Medical Coding certificate is designed to prepare future coding professionals for positions as medical coders in the health care industry. Complete the program and post-test with +70% accuracy and you’ll receive 0. Course Outline . After you find the medical coder skills you need, you can them to your resume using an AI resume builder. , Mortality is the frequency of death. Coders must code eight medical record cases, which includes inpatient and outpatient encounters. $5,000 – $25,000+. CCS: Certified Coding Specialist - is a coding professional who can classify medical data from patient records and most often works in the hospital setting. To sit for the CCS exam, it is recommended that coders have at least one of the following: A diploma or degree from a medical coding training program; Two years of. The The CCS is the AHIMA’s certified coding specialist exam. AHIMA exams contain a variety of questions or item types that require you to use your knowledge, skills, or experience to select the best answer. Certified Coding Specialist—Physician-based (CCS-P) 20 CEUs, including two mandatory annual coding. CCA (Certified Coding Associate) or CCS (Certified Coding Specialist) – certifications offered through AHIMA – equipment and facilities coding but no physician based coding. Beta Created by isa924 Terms in this set (24) The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) issues the CCS-P credential to coders who have. –3 p. This course also helps to prepare you for the CPC certification exam. #2. ), while he works second shift (evening, 3pm-11pm). 20 best medical biller coder certifications. Sep 27, 2008. Recertification requirements are no longer required for the CCA credential. A. In order to earn the CCS credential, students need to take a four-hour exam covering different code types. 6. If approved, the rule would be a step toward holding healthcare providers accountable under the 21st Century Cures Act, officials say. Certified Coding Specialist (CCS®) Certified Coding Specialist—Physician-based (CCS-P®). , 21st Floor, Chicago, IL. The CPC was very strong on CPT with some HCPCS and I-9 diagnostic. Tasks: Apply knowledge of claims development and filing processes Apply knowledge of insurance response (remittance advice, Explanation of Benefits) Demonstrate an. The CCS credential is granted to coders by. Identify place of servic e. Apart from our existing coding, auditing, and cancer registry services, starting in May, we created an educational webinar series in which free CEUs can be earned. The certified coding specialist (CCS) and certified coding specialist physician-based (CCS-P) certifications both indicate a mastery level of skill in coding. Most employers will expect you to begin as an outpatient coder; however, if they know you have the inpatient training as well, they may be more likely to hire you with plans to cross-train you in inpatient coding later. Today's demand for certified professional coders (CPCs) is growing as many jobs in the coding and billing field now require certification. 11/9/2021. Morbidity is the rate or frequency of disease. 42. The Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) Exam Study Guide - 2020 Edition includes questions, answers, and rationale as of January 1st 2020! Questions are separated into sections to make it easier to spot strengths and weaknesses. 05 – Modifiers Section: You will learn how to group modifiers by type, explain the difference between global package modifiers, EM only modifiers, # of surgeon modifiers, etc, apply knowledge immediately for on the job use and for use in preparing for CPC® certification exam. An RMA professional performs the same tasks as those of a __________ but is credentialed by a different organization. As a full-time student, you can earn your medical billing and coding certificate, including hands-on training in a virtual lab environment, in as little as 1 year. Coder 1 position which requires an associate degree, which they both recently earned. A CCS credential indicates proficiency in. She will be working the first shift (day, 7 a. I want those last boxes in the CCS column. Best wishes to you. Earning an AHIMA credential puts you in a special league, positioning you as a leader and role model in the health informatics and information management community. Perhaps the most notable similarity is that they are both certifications in medical coding. One free retake. Membership fees are $165. CPC is a 5 hour 40 minute exam. 9%, and New Jersey furthers that trend with another $3,732 (7. The Certified Professional Coder (CPC) certification is the most widely used medical coding certification. , CPC-H, CCS) and physician certified coders (e. Remote testing will be expanding to more certification exams soon. CCA Credential from AHIMA. OFTECH. If an applicant has a documented disability covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) and requires test accommodations, the applicant must notify AHIMA in writing each time accommodation is required. #2. ) Easy Apply. Apply knowledge of risk adjustment in ICD-10-CM. Certified Medical Coder. Five coders, of which two hold RHITs, two with the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) credential only, and one with the Certified Coding Associate (CCA) credential only ; One HIM supervisor who is RHIT-eligible, newly hired, with less than a year of management experience ; Four document imaging specialists with no credentialsThe objectives of the CCDS program are to: Provide special recognition to those clinical documentation specialists who demonstrate mastery of an acquired body of knowledge and skills in clinical documentation integrity through successful completion of the certification process. Given a scenario, audit medical records for compliance with coding and documentation rules. 99/year. Students & professionals who eventually wish to earn a bachelor’s degree or beyond. 1. I already have a CCS or CCS-P credential and experience in the field. Medical coders with CCS certification typically work in coding both inpatient and outpatient records. Step 3 – Know about the Exam Policies. Includes instruction in medical records and insurance software. Upon passing the examination you will be awarded a certificate that validates your knowledge. CCS-P. 6 Months / 100 Course Hrs. A. A. Hutchinson Community College. Exam Preparation Course. Coding specialists create coded data used by hospitals and medical providers to obtain reimbursement from insurance companies or government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Click on Apply for the examination. , RHIT, RHIA, CPC, CPC-H, CCA, CCS, NRCCS, CCS-P, ROCC or CHONC). In some fields or regions, they are required prior to securing employment. In fact, certification has become an implicit industry standard. Hi Stormi – For hospital coding you’ll want to obtain the CCS credential. Select one of the credentials below to get started. Since medical coding is intricate and detail-oriented, many coders find it easier, and more lucrative, to code in one specific field. False, Mortality is the frequency of death. 5. Without expertise in. m. Renewal – Renewal at the end of the two (2) year period requires submission of the Renewal Application and proof of completion of at least six hours of continuing education specific so the CCS domains. 9%) Tasks: 1. 9%) Tasks: 1. For dedicated coding professionals, Lorman Education Services offers an annual All-Access Pass for the low fee of just $699. Updated: Monday, January 23, 2023 @ 6:30pm. Harry has achieved his CCS credential but Gertrude has not. Which one should you. The CCA credentialing exam is administered by the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) and is one of three specific coding credentials offered by AHIMA. 5 percent, n = 98). They have been hired at the entry level Coder 1 position which requires an associate degree, which they both. coding. Here are the key facts about medical coder resumes to help you get the job: The average medical coder resume is 356 words long. m. Registration policy – To register for the exam, complete the following steps: Go to the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS®) website. 00 Per Hour (Employer est. The CHDA credential has been available for 10 years and is intended to communicate the ability to effectively analyze healthcare data. Certified Coding Specialist (CCS®). The retired coding professional is technically truthful in stating that she has been credentialed as a CCS, so option (a) would seem to be correct. Medical coders, also referred to as “health information coders,” are in high demand. Those who do earn the RHIA are in a very good position when applying for. 7. A CPC certification can also showcase your. Morbidity is the rate or frequency of disease. CPC-H: This is for you if you are going to be working in an outpatient or ambulatory medical billing and. you will be given immediate access to your course for 365 days from the date of purchase. I will be having a workshop on ICD-10 soon but it will be geared more toward passing the proficiency test for the AAPC. Clinical validation is performed by a clinician (RN, CMD or therapist). Typically requires 3-5 years of related experience, or. The certified professional coder (CPC) credential is offered through the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC). She will be working the first shift (day, 7 a. Coding specialists create coded data used in dispensaries press medical providers to obtain reimbursement of insurance companies or government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. C. Multiple-choice. risk adjustment coder. Louisville, KY. (CCS) or Certified Outpatient Coder (COC) or. The AHIMA equivalent to the AAPC CPC certification is. A lot of coders are reaching out to me as of late with questions so I thought I would respond online instead. The topics that CCS exam covers are: Domain 1 – Coding Knowledge and Skills (51. As a CCS exam course review instructor and in my efforts to help students and coders obtain a coding credential, I am often asked which credential would be the most beneficial, and whether an individual is better prepared to pass the Certified Coding Associate (CCA) or the Certified Codin. The Medical Coding certificate is designed to prepare future coding professionals for positions as medical coders in the health care industry. Some CDI teams were built around the belief that registered nurses, both with and without CDI and coding credentials such as the CCS or CDIP, are the best fit for the job. Aspiring RN coders can sit for the CPC exam after paying the required fee and becoming an AAPC member. Although each model has different applications, both models rely on ICD-10-CM codes to risk adjust patients based on their. Has gained proficiency in multiple competencies relevant to the job. Upon completion, you will receive a voucher to take the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) exam. Certified Coding Specialist (CCS): The CCS certification tests a medical coder's ability to ensure data quality and the ability to use medical coding. Huge demand for AHIMA CCS and CDIP Certified Future is IP Coding - Double your income, work from home-Get a rewarding career Medesun Medical Coding Academy offering Comprehensive IP-DRG Training. Certified Coding Specialist Exam Secrets Study Guide: CCS Review and Practice Test for the AHIMA Certified Coding Specialist Examination. This type of review can only be performed by a clinician or maybe performed by a clinician with approved coding credentials. According to the AAPC, the CPC elevates the earning potential by more than $25,000 above other annual salaries. Coding professionals play a vital role in ensuring healthcare providers and researchers have high-quality and timely data. AHIMA. The answer is B. 88 Posts Nov 22, 2008. The rate of pay for Gertrude is $14. The Certified Professional Coder (CPC) certification is the most widely used medical coding certification. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) has unveiled findings from a recent survey shedding light on the ongoing workforce challenges in the health information (HI) profession. This certification validates your expertise in medical coding, including the assignment of accurate diagnostic and procedural codes, as well as the understanding of. Planning and preparation are key to navigating your path to becoming a medical coder. -3p. AHIMA values member diversity, continuing education, leadership development, and professional credentialing. Since 2002, the CCA designation has been a nationally recognized standard of achievement in the health information management (HIM) field. E-Assessments. In most of our Coding roles, there is a Coding Assessment given after each successful interview. The AAPC is a national organization that is responsible for the certification of medical coding professionals. Candidates need two years of work experience, or CCA certification plus one year of experience. Candidates qualify for the exam in a few. Skip to navigation. The CCS-P is a coding practitioner with expertise in physician-based settings such as physician offices, group practices, multi-specialty clinics, or specialty centers. These professionals update patient records and perform reimbursement logging operations. Definition: A program that prepares individuals to perform specialized data entry, classification, and record-keeping procedures related to medical diagnostic, treatment, billing, and insurance documentation. $47. Education – Any Graduate (preferable life Science Graduate) Successful completion of a certification program from AHIMA (CCS) or AAPC (CIC) – Must be active during joining and verified. Both the CPC and CCS-P credential are geared for coding for outpatient settings. They have been hired at the entry level Coder 1 position; the position requires an associate degree, which they both recently. Obtaining this certification shows your ability to review and assign numeric codes to patient records while highlighting your expertise in CPT and ICD-10-CM coding systems and your knowledge of medical. Banner Health provides your equipment when hired. If you have only 20 CEU (CCA, CCS, CCS-P, or RHIT) per cycle certifications your base CEUs is 20 with each additional credential is 10 CEUs up to 50 CEUs per cycle. Clinical validation is beyond the scope of DRG (coding) validation, and the skills of a certified coder. 00 for new graduates, and $60. Apply diagnosis and procedure codes based on provider's documentation in the health The RHIT (Registered Health Information Technician) credential (53. The Medical Coding Program is limited entry so students must attend a Health Sciences Orientation, meet with a Health Programs Advisor, and complete the limited entry workshop. False Answer: B. (CCS) or Certified Outpatient Coder (COC) or. The Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) examination is a computer-based test that is administered by the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Three (3) years progressive on-the-job experience coding with ICD-10-CM, ICD-10-PCS, HCPCS, and CPT-4 in a hospital or outpatient setting preferred. $325. A medical coder's average salary is $41,657 whereas medical coding technicians make an average salary of $35,307. The average medical coder resume is 0. Coding professionals who hold the CCA credential have demonstrated coding competency across all settings, including hospitals and physician practices. Both exams require knowledge of coding for E/M, surgery, anesthesia, radiology, and medicine. Candidates need two years of experience as a medical coder for full CPC certification. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer certification in coding. Michigan Ave. AHIMA Case Study 6. 100% Remote Job Full-Time Employee. Ch 1 review quiz. As HIM and coding professionals prepare for the year ahead. Medical Coding for Non-Coders, Second Edition. These comprehensive certification guides detail the eligibility, testing, cost, and renewal requirements for the most popular credentials within medical technology. a. Note: The AHIMA CCS and CCS-P exams demonstrate mastery level skills in coding. To re-take an exam, candidates need to submit a new. Certified Coding Specialist-Physician-based. To obtain full certification as a CPC, you will need to have over two years work experience as a medical biller and coder, submit two letters of reference from employers or one letter. The CCS-P credential denotes a medical coder specializing in physician-based settings. Pursuing a career in leveraging coding guidelines and attaining exception diagnostic skills to provide. , 21st Floor, Chicago, IL 60601-5809, (312) 233-1100. Applicants who are determined to be ineligible and submit an ineligible application or request withdrawal or cancellation of their application will. Take an unlimited number of CCS courses and other training programs for a whole year — you'll also receive a number of exclusive perks such as our monthly newsletter and. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) issues the CCS-P credential to coders who have shown proficiency in hospital coding. Hello JoAnne, The CPC is certification for physician coding (AAPC) The CCS is certification for facility / hospital coding (AHIMA) I have both the CPC and the CCS. The titles DH, LDH, RDH, DA, and CDA refer to types of, workers. But becoming a certified coder doesn’t require a 4-year college education—or even a 2-year college education. . Earning this credential can increase earning potential by $20,000 or more. The initial recertification cycle for newly credentialed CCAs begins the day after the credential is. CRC. Both exams are appropriately challenging; the CCS does entail more ICD-9 principles and guidelines whereas the CPC is heavily based and focused on CPT. 2 At DeVry, new class sessions begin every 8 weeks. 1. 0. This makes RHIA-certified professionals more desirable to employers. -3 p. CCS-P is 97 multiple choice and 8 medical scenarios. Michigan. 5000-80,000 for different institutions. 1. However, neither of them have previous HIM or coding experience. Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) Exam Prep •Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) Exam Prep – Sixth Edition •ISBN: 978‐1584261094 • Key Features • Two complete practice exams based on and organized by the CCS competency statements and tasks • Inpatient and outpatient medical casesIt's Certified Inpatient Coder which is equivalent to the CCS (certified coding specialist) from AHIMA. Find-A-Code recommends the following resources for training. Sep 27, 2008. The CCS credential is recognized as a mark of expertise in coding and demonstrates a coder's proficiency in accurately assigning diagnostic codes to medical conditions and procedures. Emergency Responders. AHC covers advanced, hospital-specific coding and billing procedures and is designed to help you meet the challenge of today's changing standards. Question: Mortality is the frequency of death. Rajesh Thangella. for bilateral sites in ICD-10-CM; level of specificity. In the given interview scenario, there is an ethical issue with the retired coding professional's statement about her CCS credential. HOW: You need a high school diploma to sit for the CCA certification exam. The course covers all four CCS testing domains, including medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, ICD-10-CM coding, CPT coding, and HCPCS coding. False. Bonus: Modifier Grid Job Aide (worthy of laminating!)The pay difference between Gertrude and Harry is not a violation of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 . According to AHIMA, becoming a CCA shows employers that you are a leader who is committed to the coding profession. 2. The CPC is $380. Certificate courses are part of educational programs, whereas certification requirements include educational and other training programs. Hi Mmc1213,. Equal Pay Act of 1963 Gertrude and Harry are both new coders at PVH. There are 125 scored items and 25 pretest items. A type of certification granted after completion of an AHIMA-accredited two-year program in health information management and a credentialing examination. According to the AHIMA Certified Coding Associate (CCA) outline, used as the basis for the development of the CCA examination, US coders require competency in the following activities: Coding with ICD-9-CM and. 20 best medical biller coder certifications. e. Multiple-choice. 71. Although the CPC and the CCS are often compared they are truly not that similar. (evening, 3 p. False. Most identified improper payments due. Coding professionals who hold the CCA credential have demonstrated coding competency across all settings, including hospitals and physician practices. Pre-test questions are NOT counted in the final results. Certification Details. An entry level coding credential implemented by AHIMA in 2002. In 2023, the American Health Information Management Association ® (AHIMA) began a job task analysis for the Certified Health Data Analyst (CHDA ®) professional certification. This makes RHIA-certified professionals more desirable to employers. Coders will need to complete the online, timed, open book test. -3 p. Every 10 years. Part II is the coding and you are given a certain number of encounters, inpatient and outpatient for CCS, and you assign the codes in the manner Pam. Planning and preparation are key to navigating your path to becoming a medical coder. Needless to say, i dont understand why im struggling with this so much. Domain 4: Regulatory Compliance. Get it as soon as Tuesday, Nov 7. A few other differences is the cost. remote coder. Harry has achieved his CCS credential but Gertrude has not. At work one day, Mary, who is an outpatient coding professional, overheard another outpatient coder mention that whenever she has a chart to code with a procedure that she is unfamiliar with, she assigns an unlisted CPT code. The CCS is made for those who have been coding for about 2 years. Equal Pay Act of 1963 Scenario: Gertrude and Harry are both new coders as PVH. In a rapidly growing career such as medical coding, certification is an added benefit to coders by which they can achieve excellence through meticulous training and testing afterward. For that reason, a CPC credential or a CCA credential will both put you in the right position to be certified as an outpatient. You can transition to this financially rewarding career for less than $3000 and in as few as 6 months with AAPC’s career-focused training. $21. level of detail. Other requirements include completion of anatomy, medical terminology, and coding courses. $399 with one free retake. Bevill State Community College. Registration policy – To register for the exam, complete the following steps: Go to the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS®) website. Colleges and universities charge between $4,500 and $19,500 for medical coding studies. The Medical Coding Program is limited entry so students must attend a Health Sciences Orientation, meet with a Health Programs Advisor, and complete the limited entry workshop. -11 p. 0. laterality. Passing score: 80%. They have been hired at the entry level Coder 1 position which requires. AHIMA exams contain a variety of questions or item types that require you to use your knowledge, skills, or experience to select the best answer. Hold the CCA® credential plus one year of coding experience directly applying codes; Hold a coding credential from another certifying organization plus one year of coding experience directly applying codes. Coding In continuation of my posts on the value of HIM credentials, one very important credential is the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS). The CCS-P credential denotes a medical coder specializing in physician-based settings. 05 – Modifiers Section: You will learn how to group modifiers by type, explain the difference between global package modifiers, EM only modifiers, # of surgeon modifiers, etc, apply knowledge immediately for on the job use and for use in preparing for CPC® certification exam. Advise and instruct coders/providers regarding billing. Some of the important points that you need to remember are –. See full list on indeed. Offered in partnership with your preferred school. – 3 p. CPC: This allows you to perform medical coding in physician office settings. The pay difference is based on their skills and not their gender which is what the Equal Pay Act of 1963 is about . A cancer registrar is a health care professional who has primary responsibility for ensuring the timely, accurate, and. 42 $ 47.